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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of three cases with infant botulism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Clinical data of three clinically diagnosed cases with infant botulism in May 2015 in Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Literature search at databases of PubMed, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP with the key words"infant AND botulism". The date of literature retrieval was from the database founding to November 2015. The characteristics of infant botulism were summarized through review of literature.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Three patients were infants of 4-8 months of age, and all had acute onsets of anorexia and poor response. All of them had normal psychomotor development previously, and without clear history of exposure to poisons. The main findings on physical examination were reduced muscle strength and hypotonia, dullness or disappeared pupillary light reflex, reduced facial expression, weak crying and dysphagia. Unexpectedly their states of consciousness were relatively normal. Finally, through identification and PCR genotyping of bacteria in stool, 2 cases were confirmed as Clostridium (C.) botulinum type B infection. Totally 446 reports were retrieved from foreign language literature and 52 reports from Chinese literature. More than 3,000 cases of infant botulism cases were reported in the world. Rare cases were reported in China and only 1 case was reported in 2000.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Most cases of infant botulism had no clear exposure history. The main clinical manifestations are hypotonia, cranial nerve paralysis, flaccid paralysis, but different patients may have different presentations. Detection of C. Botulinum and its toxin in stool can help to confirm the diagnosis. Infant botulism is relatively rare in China, which may be related to the insufficient understanding and inspection level of the disease. It might be underestimated in China.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Botulism , China , Clostridium botulinum , Feces , Genotype , ParalysisABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of shiga toxin ( Stx ) phage on the expression of type Ⅲsecretion system (T3SS) in E.coli O157 ∶H7.Methods A standard E.coli O157 ∶H7 strain, EDL933 and a natural Stx phage defective mutant of EDL 933 strain, TUV93-0 were used for this study .The expression of T3SS proteins was compared between EDL 933 and TUV93-0 strains.The expression of five operons ( LEE1-LEE5 ) was evaluated by measuring the green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) in five different plasmids with LEE1-LEE5 promoters, respectively.Results The expression of T3SS proteins in TUV93-0 mutant were significantly increased than those in EDL 933 strain.Moreover, the expression of LEE1, LEE2 and LEE5 were also increased in TUV93-0 mutant.Conclusion The deletion of Stx phage might enhance T3SS expression through the regulation of LEE 1.
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Objective To investigate the effect of FNR on type Ⅲ secretion system (T3SS) in E.coli O157 ∶ H7.Methods fnr mutant was constructed by λRed recombineering technology promoted by Bet and Exo proteins using PCR products.Results Through bacterial infection assays and immunofluorescence microscopy,it was found that the adhesion ability was decreased insignificantly infnr mutant compared to the wild type ZAP198.However,the secreted proteins were reduced significantly in the mutant from the secretion profile.Conclusion The reason might be that high ClpXP protein caused by the deletion of fnr degraded GrlA resulting in the inhibition of LEE(locus of enterocyte effacement) and T3SS.
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Objective To develop an one-off multifunctional instrument for blood collection and transfusion.Methods Blood collection pipe,blood sample pipe and blood transfusion pipe were united by means of three-way pipe.Different venipuncture needles could be selected by means of different connectors.Plastic clips and connectors were used to cut off and connect pipes.It was also equipped with pipe warming apparatus,manual pipe seal apparatus and newest venipuncture needles.Results The one-off multifunctional instrument for blood collection and transfusion possessed advanced technology,convenience and good application value.Conclusion The one-off multifunctional instrument for blood collection and transfusion can be applied into blood medical service,all kinds of surgical operations,emergency care,abrupt affairs,and it meets the requirements of war-readiness and medical service for troops in different periods.
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Objective To improve the work efficiency and safety quality of blood transfusion remedy in field battle.Methods Low density polyethylente or glass reinforced plastics was used as raw and processed materials.The polyurethane foam was used as insulation layer.U-shape Mipor bi-pass blood-transfusion tube was used in heating.Results The apparatus is small,easily-carried,flexible and free from power supply.The temperature is regulated by the infusion of cold or hot water.Conclusion Being advanced and convenient,the apparatus has good application value.
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Objective To improve work efficiency and safety of blood transfusion in the battlefield.Methods Polyurethanes material was adopted to construct the insulation layer.Low density polyethylene,glass reinforced plastics and low-temperature bio-chemical method also got involved in.Results The blood warmer was passive,small,easy-to-carry and mobile,whose temperature regulation was realized by the input of cold or warm water.Conclusion Being advanced and easy-to-operate,the blood warmer has a brilliant future.